'Honey, I could care less.' Kourtney Kardashian. ![]() She did post a message of support to the Jewish community after Ye received backlash for making anti-Semitic statements though, even then, Kardashian didn’t mention him directly. Here are 25 hilariously relatable Keeping Up With The Kardashians 'kuotes.' 1. This shouldn’t be too surprising, as the SKIMS founder has historically opted not to publicly comment on any matters involving her ex in the aftermath of their split. What can be said right now is that Kim Kardashian is not looking to weigh in on her ex’s purported role in the ongoing investigation. Within the footage, one can also hear one of the children yelling “Please leave!” It’s unclear as to which of the children provided that piece of commentary. In turn, Kardashian delivered a brief, but sharp, declaration:ĭo not talk to me about that in front of my kids. Page Six obtained footage of one member of the paparazzi asking her what she thought about the situation surrounding Ye. ![]() When the group was leaving after the game, they were surrounded by photographers, some of whom were looking to ask questions. In a similar incident on September 18, the reality TV star accompanied her son Saint to his basketball game. Throughout their relationship, much of which was captured. Kim Kardashian is often snapped on her outings by members of the paparazzi. Pamela Andersons kids didnt know their teacher was hired security Lifestyle Kim Kardashian tells paparazzi do not talk to me in front of kids Love &. Kim Kardashian and Reggie Bush first met in 2007 at the ESPY Awards after being introduced by a mutual friend and quickly started dating. Khloé Kardashian’s ex, Tristan Thompson, was reportedly also present at the game and was spotted saying goodbye to Kim and her little ones after the event. Kim Kardashian scolded her son Saint West when he made an inappropriate gesture at members of the paparazzi who were waiting to photograph them at a venue. ![]() This past Friday, Kim Kardashian saw her oldest daughter, North West, compete in a basketball game and was accompanied by 7-year-old son Saint as well.
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4-Way Color Wheels: Better precision color adjustment.Highlights/Midtones/Shadows: Separately adjust the brightness of dark, midtone, and light areas of an image.Masks: Added Hue Mask, HSV Mask, and Luminance Mask.Bug Fix: Fixed bug where images on Mac wouldn't load when dragged onto the app icon or opened from within another app when CameraBag wasn't already open.Bug Fix: Fixed bug in Windows OS that stopped images loading with certain international characters in the file path.Next/Previous Image: Re-enabled opening next/previous image files by pressing left or right arrow keys (without holding shift).Bug Fixes/Speed Improvments: Various bug fixes and speed improvements.(Note: Windows and Mac now both require 64-bit.) 64-bit: Built as a 64-bit app to take better advantage of memory.High-DPI Support: Now supports dynamic scaling on high-dpi displays on Windows, including the Surface Pro.Misc: Fixed rare error with early-expiring trial periods.Bug Fix: Fixed image loading errors that some users were experiencing ("pFactory is null", Windows only).Bug Fix: Fixed a bug that caused a crash when attempting to open photos from Finder or the Photos app in MacOS High Sierra.UI Fix: Splash screens now optimized for Retina displays.Lightleak: the oft-requested Lightleak adjustment from CameraBag 2 has been updated and is now available in CameraBag 3.x.You can now zoom in far beyond a 1:1 pixel view to inspect pixels, plus zoom far out to get a different perspective on your image. Zoom: removed restrictions to greatly expand zoom range.CameraBag Photo v3.0 Default Presets (Learn how to put downloaded Legacy Styles into your current copy of CameraBag in this video on YouTube).CameraBag Photo v3.0 (PC) (Vista, Win 7, or newer) - 32 or 64-bit.CameraBag Photo v3.0 (Mac) (MacOS 10.9 or newer, Intel Core 2 Duo).CameraBag Photo v3.0.1 (PC) (Vista, Win 7, or newer) - 32 or 64-bit.CameraBag Photo v3.0.1 (Mac) (MacOS 10.9 or newer, Intel Core 2 Duo).CameraBag Photo v3.0.21 (PC) (Vista, Win 7, or newer) - 64-bit only*.CameraBag Photo v3.0.21 (Mac) (MacOS 10.9 or newer, Intel Core 2 Duo).CameraBag Photo v3.1.0 (PC) (Win 7 or newer) - 64-bit.CameraBag Photo v3.1.0 (Mac) (MacOS 10.9 or newer, Intel Core 2 Duo).Will work with all CameraBag Photo 3.x registration codesĬameraBag Photo v3.1.0 (Mac) (MacOS 10.9 or newer, Intel Core 2 Duo)ĬameraBag Photo v3.1.0 (PC) (Win 7 or newer) - 64-bit CameraBag Cinema v3 Default Presets (Learn how to put downloaded Legacy Styles into your current copy of CameraBag in this video on YouTube). ![]() CameraBag Cinema v1.0.6 (Mac) (MacOS 10.9 or newer, Intel Core 2 Duo).CameraBag Cinema v1.0.5 (Mac) (MacOS 10.9 or newer, Intel Core 2 Duo).CameraBag Cinema v1.0 (Mac) (MacOS 10.9 or newer, Intel Core 2 Duo).CameraBag Cinema v3.0.0 (Mac) (MacOS 10.9 or newer, Intel Core 2 Duo).CameraBag Cinema v3.0.21 (Mac) (MacOS 10.9 or newer, Intel Core 2 Duo).CameraBag Cinema v3.1.0 (Mac) (MacOS 10.9 or newer 64-bit Intel).CameraBag Pro v3.1.1 (Windows) (Windows 7, 8, or 10, 64-bit Intel).CameraBag Pro v3.1.1 (Mac) (MacOS 10.9 or newer, 64-bit Intel).Will work with all CameraBag Pro 3.x registration codes (plus all "CameraBag Cinema 1.x" codes, as CameraBag Pro was originally named)ĬameraBag Pro v3.1.1 (Mac) (MacOS 10.9 or newer, 64-bit Intel)ĬameraBag Pro v3.1.1 (Windows) (Windows 7, 8, or 10, 64-bit Intel) It's unclear if the rookie's role will grow at the expense of Higgins or Donovan Peoples-Jones, who's been the primary downfield threat but caught just one of five targets for five yards in last week's loss to Green Bay. Schwartz scored his first touchdown last week and gives the Browns another speed element outside the numbers. He then missed three games before returning to play the previous two, although Higgins received more snaps. Schwartz, a 2021 third-round pick, opened the season down the wideout depth chart while also being used as a returner on kickoffs, but he appeared to inch ahead of veteran Rashard Higgins prior to sustaining a concussion. "I think for sure with Anthony coming off the concussion protocol and getting into these games, getting him some touches, I think his role will grow," Cleveland head coach Kevin Stefanski said. Anthony 12 Barstow/ss 9:11.27 12 Chavez, Issac 11 Barstow/ss 9:11.94 13 Abdalla, Mohamed 12 Willow Glen 9:13.22 14 Wolfsmith, Lance 11 Sobrato 9:14.54 15. ![]() They tell her, “Happy Mother’s Day, Mommy! We love you, we can’t wait till you come home.Schwartz is expected to see his role on offense grow over the final two weeks of the season, Marla Ridenour of the Akron Beacon Journal reports. Anthony Delgado, and their twin sons (who are also twinning when it comes to missing baby teeth!), wishing her a happy Mother’s Day while she was out in the field, working on the film. In an Instagram post, Schwartz Delgado shared an adorable video of her husband, New York Rep. 'But think he’ll be OK, certainly long term.' Schwartz, a second-year pro out of Auburn, was injured during Thursday afternoons practice. 'We’ll see how that goes over the next couple days,' Stefanski said. ![]() So much so that she kept working on the project on Mother’s Day, a day most mamas (Schwartz Delgado included) typically take off. BEREA Browns receiver Anthony Schwartz will be day-to-day with a left knee strain, coach Kevin Stefanski announced Friday. She has also shared that the project became extremely important to her and - not surprisingly! - took up much of her time. We are so glad that Schwartz Delgado is creating space for Black Jews to recognize their belonging in both communities. And I felt one of the biggest things that was really important - and BET absolutely felt this way as well - was that we feature Black Jewish voices.” But many of us feel very connected to both of those communities. There will be appearances by other prominent Black Jews, like social media influencer Hannah Bronfman and actress Rain Pryor, along with Jewish community leaders like Rabbi Jill Jacobs and Rabbi Sharon Brous.ĭespite the growing understanding of intersectionality - a term coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989 that means “the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class and gender as they apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage” - Schwartz Delgado is very familiar with the discussions and perceptions of the Black and Jewish communities as separate.Īs she told the Forward, “many of us who identify as Black and Jewish understand that a lot of times the conversations are about the Black community in America, and the Jewish community in America. The documentary will also explore the solidarity between these communities, in the face of increased racism and antisemitism in recent years. This new project offers a new opportunity for Schwartz Delgado and others to explore the intersections of Black Jewish identity and, according to BET, how the Black and Jewish communities “have historically come together in solidarity to push forward an agenda of inclusivity and collective change.” She did not know her biological father was Black - or that she herself was Black - until she was in college. Her documentary “Little White Lies” tells the story of her upbringing in Woodstock, New York with two white Jewish parents. 35K volgers, 653 volgend, 865 berichten - Bekijk Instagram-fotos en -videos van Constance Schwartz (. Throughout her career, Schwartz Delgado, 44, has shared her unique identity journey. The 30-minute program, entitled “Content for Change: Black x Jewish,” will air this evening on the Black Entertainment Television channel (BET). ![]() Jewish mom and documentary filmmaker Lacey Schwartz Delgado has made an exciting new television special about the Black and Jewish communities. Jill Schwartz, his mother, did her best to act as a buffer between Anthony and all the people pointing out he was now listed as one of the best players available. ![]() ![]() We're very proud to announce the launch of Crossplay on Playstation and Xbox. Official AMA with Crytek's Creative Director for Warface, Michael Khaimzon ![]() Thank you guys in advance, please be absolutely sure we'll consider every single suggestion of yours :) If you were to balance snipers, what exactly would you change? Which is why I would like to ask you all (both those playing as snipers and those getting killed by snipers) the following questions.ĭo you really think that snipers are too strong? Why? So, we keep receiving comments that snipers seem to be OP in the game now. Players of all platforms are welcome here, bullying is not. Insults, personal attacks, condescension, or similar behavior relating to the merits of platform choice will not be tolerated. However if you want to do a giveaway it has to be approved by moderators before an actual post. Users note in such practices will be banned. No advertising, selling, trying to buy, trading, or begging. Self-promotion should be thoughtful, limited, and consistently well received by the community. Low-effort/low-quality posts, sob stories, recent reposts, posts not directly related to Warface are subject to removal at the moderators' discretion.ĭon't spam. If you have any troubles - report them to the official My.com support. We do not support harassement, sexism, racism, hate speech or witch hunting. Be civil, do not make personal attacks or use offensive language in adressing others. When submitting and commenting don't forget about Reddiquete. The subreddit for the Free-To-Play FPS title by Crytek, Warface. GnuCash tracks a variety of account types, stocks, income, and expenses. This financial software can be used to track personal finances and also works nicely as small business accounting software. GnuCash: Thanks to the open-source software movement, GnuCash is free.Quicken (Best personal finance software overall) Quicken, our number one personal finance system overall, was initially released in 1983. ![]() ![]() Moneyspire does a great job of importing Quicken data (or data from other. Moneyspire: Personal finance data in Moneyspire can be shared among multiple users on one computer or over a network, and data works with both the Mac and Windows versions of the software. So let’s not waste a moment longer in getting into the 16 best personal finance software of 2023. Read MoreMoneyspire Peter Dr: We have improved Quicken QIF file import greatly.GnuCash is free to download.Moneyspires features make it one of the best Quicken. GnuCash is a full-on accounting program, so if you want something that is more like a bookkeeping system and less like a budgeting system, this is a fine Quicken alternative. AceMoney: Claiming it's the best alternative to Quicken, AceMoney is a strong alternative, although it doesn't offer online bill payment or transaction downloads. Choose File menu > File Import > Quicken Transfer Format (. However, it does include a 15-day free trial for those interested in using the platform.You can download it for Windows or Mac, and there's a mobile app for both iOS and Android. A much-improved budget feature and easier loan tracking are two of the improvements. Quicken: This program offers more power and flexibility for personal finance software users.This program is very similar to Quicken, it supports both Windows and Mac, and comes with a free 30-day trial. An app version is also available for iOS and Android devices. Explore 25+ Mac apps like Quicken, all suggested and ranked by the AlternativeTo user community. Quicken (video) QIF (or QMTF) file was imported incorrectly into. Moneydance: You can download a version of this software for Mac, Windows, or Linux operating systems. How to import from Microsoft Money or other applications that export multiple QIF. ![]() There’s two more cantrips that can work, but for now Toll the Dead is a spell that makes a target hear the bells of death in the air, and they need to make a Wisdom saving throw or take 2d8 necrotic damage at this level, or 2d12 necrotic damage if they’re already missing HP. Cantrips scale with your total level, not your caster level. To grant you some control over the lightning like in your intro, Lightning Lure is a spell attack cantrip that lets you first pull a target up to 10 ft in a straight line towards you if they fail a Strength saving throw, and they take 2d8 lightning damage if they stop within 5 ft of you at this level. I already explained the first one from Among the Dead, so let’s add more. Should I explain how grappling works in 5e?Įloise: At this point, we can grab some spells and cantrips. You can also use a bonus action when making an unarmed strike in order to grapple your target. ![]() Keep in mind, your DM determines the damage dice for improvised weapons, so be sure to glare at them and roll your eyes back if they say a d4. This gives you plus one to Strength or Constitution, I’d say grab the latter, your unarmed strikes deal 1d4 plus your strength modifier for a better base punch, kick, or headbutt, and you become proficient with improvised weapons so you can throw tables, ladders, and chairs at your foes for some more brutal matches. For D&D Beyond players, variant humans get plus one to two stats of their choice, Charisma and Strength would be my picks, take the Stealth proficiency for the skill of your choice, and for your free feat for being a variant human, take the Tavern Brawler feat. Like I said, the Undertaker is a human with a bit of variance. Remember that these are guidelines, so you don’t have to create this character by the letter. Depending on how you build this or if your DM is cool with UAs, I’ll give you two options here. However, for this time of year, it was too good to pass up on utilizing the old Gothic Heroes Unearthed Arcana from 2016. ![]() I don’t typically use Unearthed Arcana that is either more than 2 years old that I haven’t used, nor do I use content that isn’t readily usable on D&D Beyond since that’s where I put my test builds. KKD: For race, Undertaker is a human and this is where I’m willing to break some rules of mine. ![]() ![]() Several states and UTs such as Delhi, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra, have three DWRs installed to monitor extreme weather events. “The IMD has signed two MoUs with ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture in Lucknow and Diamond Harbour Women’s University to install the two new radars in Malda and Diamond Harbour,” said an official.Īt present, at least 37 DWRs are installed across India. West Bengal topped the list of states with at least 964 such deaths, revealing the state’s vulnerability to extreme events. This is one prediction that is to be tested in the present experiment. According to this ex-pression, a sample of rubidium atoms, maintained at 297 K and excited at 780 nm ( 0 3:8 1014 Hz), will exhibit a Doppler width of 502 MHz. It produces real-time displays of where any Satellite is, and predicts passes for your locale. Doppler spectral pro le is D 7:16 0 r T A 10 7 (1) where Ais the atomic weight. Satscape is a freeware program for the PC Macintosh and Linux. This becomes important as recent studies suggest the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events rising across the world and various parts of India due to global warming and climate change.ĭata placed in the Lok Sabha in August 2021 revealed that at least 6,811 people were killed in India between April 2018 and March 2021 in hydro-meteorological disasters such as heavy rain, lightning, floods and cyclones. Buy Good Quality color display portable Bidirectional Ultrasonic vascular doppler at Aliexpress for. Allow tracking of ISS, Iridium flares, ham radio satellites, International Space Station, satellite passes prediction, orbits, auto updates and alerting. Install it referring to the guidelines below. This will be an X-band radar and cover cover 100 km, said the official. bolt (13) and M8 spring washer (14) from the lock ring to free the shaft (5). Their results show that this method can effectively suppress the first-order Doppler effect and reduce systematic uncertainty. The second in South Bengal would be installed in Diamond Harbour near Kolkata. The authors propose and demonstrate a method for precision spectroscopy of atoms in a beam using two sequential rather than simultaneous laser pulses, thereby overcoming systematic challenges associated with standing-wave beams that plague other methods. “This would improve weather forecasting and agriculture meteorology, more particularly in the north Bengal region,” said an IMD official. Wrap up the year gone by & gear up for 2024 with HT! Click here ![]() In these cases, we can use the Autodesk DWG TrueView program, which, in addition to being a viewer for a multitude of graphic files, allows these files to be converted into the various existing versions.All the contents of the Website shall be deemed to be protected and safeguarded by current provisions concerning copyright and intellectual and industrial property rights. The insertion point is usually a point that is part of the drawing.įour: we must check the types of basic elements such as letters, lines and shading that we use in our blocks, since if these are not part of our library of these elements (often the standard one) when inserting the CAD block, these elements will not be represented or will be replaced by others.įive: it is also very common for users to keep hold of very old AutoCAD versions such as v2000, v2004, etc., so if the block has been created with more recent versions, such as 2013 or 2018, we will not be able to open it in our drawing. Three: by specifying the insertion point, and checking this aspect, along with the previous one, we avoid time-consuming situations in which a block we have inserted cannot be seen or located, giving rise to significant frustration and time wasting. Two: the units in which we create our blocks must be checked, as they must coincide with the units in which we normally work. ![]() One: it is preferable to create the entire block in layer 0, and thanks to this precaution, if we insert a block of a bed or a table in the "furniture" layer, for example, the inserted block acquires said layer, so that when we manage the layers, activating or deactivating them, the inserted bed will behave like the rest of the elements in that layer. When we produce a design or drawing in order to use it subsequently as a block, the following rules must be taken into account as a minimum for optimum use of blocks: Once modified and saved, it will be automatically changed in the remaining blocks since it is a single entity. There is another parallel advantage to this, whereby if some of the blocks in our drawing need to be altered, the change only needs to be made in some of them, through the block editor. ![]() dxf versions with the business aim of projects stipulating the need for their products or technical solutions and offering them on their websites.Īnother advantage of using AutoCAD blocks is saving space in the file since only the data for one single block or block entity is stored regardless of whether it is repeated 2 or 20 times. In addition, companies that manufacture products or construction systems often create their own product libraries in. ![]() Reuse of AutoCAD blocks is not restricted to our own designs, since logically, we can also use any block or CAD file produced by third parties if their use is permitted in our project. The main advantage lies in the significant amount of time saved when developing our technical projects, thus allowing better quality graphic representations. In subsequent projects where the same object is required, instead of drawing it again, it is reused by inserting it in the CAD file in which we are working. Now, thanks to the blocks, this CAD drawing only needs to be produced once, the first time it is needed. It can be inserted into the existing drawing to complete it, complement it and help us save time in our CAD project.ĬAD blocks arose as a result of the need for repetitive use of multiple objects in different projects. Something as simple as this creates enormous advantages over the traditional construction of technical projects, allowing infinite possibilities, since once we have produced any design, AutoCAD blocks, or those from any other CAD program, are files that can be inserted in other CAD files, it's that simple. ![]() ![]() That is an update every editor would appreciate, especially on Premiere Pro. Adobe Performance Optimizations: 5x timeline performance You can quickly remove those filler words, pauses, or any other unwanted dialogue in one step using bulk delete. Text-based editing now includes filler word detection to automatically identify “ums” and “uhs” in dialogue. Adobe Premiere Pro: Text-based editing: Enhanced Speech These features can be accessed in the Transcript panel in the Text-Based Editing workspace. Today, it gets even better with enhancements based on top requests from the Adobe community” said Adobe. “We’re proud that Text-Based Editing has been recognized with several industry innovation awards-including the prestigious HPA Engineering Excellence Award. Premiere Pro also introduced Text-Based Editing earlier this year to help make creating rough cuts as simple as copying and pasting text. ![]() Adobe Premiere Pro Text-Based Editing Improvements Both features process in the background so you can keep working without skipping a beat. You can find Enhance Speech and Audio Category Tagging in the Essential Sound panel. Together with Enhance Speech, editors can get valuable time back in their day by achieving professional-level audio quality with just a few clicks. When each audio clip is selected, the most relevant tools are automatically displayed. In addition, the new Audio Category Tagging uses AI to determine which clips contain dialogue, which contain music, and which are sound effects or ambient noise. You can also use the mix slider to incorporate some of the background noise to make it sound just right. Enhance Speech uses AI to magically remove background noise and improve the quality of poorly recorded dialogue, making it sound as if it was recorded in a professional studio. Whether it’s due to scenarios like a poorly placed mic, excessive background noise, or low-quality archive footage, poor audio can be very difficult to clean up. Picture: AdobeĮnhance Speech uses AI to magically remove background noise and improve the quality of poorly recorded dialogue, making it sound as if it was recorded in a professional studio. Now let’s highlight the new features, most of them AI-based, as demonstrated and described by Adobe at IBC 2023. The timeline is now five times faster, which makes editing, trimming, and just about everything else you do in the Timeline smoother and more responsive”. Picture: Adobe AI-powered innovationsĪs stated by Adobe: “Premiere Pro added cutting-edge AI-powered features including Enhance Speech for quicker dialog cleanup, filler word detection and removal in Text-Based Editing, and improved Auto Tone Mapping for more consistent color output. Adobe Premiere Pro: Implementing new features. Adobe, on the other hand, has been investing tons of R&D to further strengthen Premiere Pro and make it a state-of-the-art NLE. However, it seems that Apple is the one who disappoints with its plans for Final Cut Pro, reducing the frequency of essential updates, and abandoning its flagship software. Premiere Pro was the worst NLE in town, especially when comparing it to the super fast and steady FCP (Final Cut Pro). Almost everyone who has extensively edited on Premiere Pro has experienced with crashing, frames dropping, and clumsiness of the software. These are the same characteristics that were absent from Premiere Pro. Adobe wants professional editors to think about Premiere Pro as a powerful, fast, and reliable software. These are the main words in the Adobe deck when presenting the new features in Premiere Pro, After Effects., and frame.io. Adobe Premiere Pro “Powerful, Fast, Reliable” Moreover, the lagging Final Cut Pro lets it happen. Leveraging AI capabilities and features, Adobe wants to conquer editors’ hearts, in order to be defined as the dominant NLE. At IBS 2023, Adobe used all its big guns in order to demonstrate that Premiere Pro is a leading NLE utilized extensively by professionals. That would be the speed and reliability of the software. Adobe tries hard to mitigate the main Achilles Heel of its NLE which is Premiere Pro. ![]() For all types of tape, MOL reaches a maximum in the 125–800 Hz area, while dropping off below 125 Hz and above 800 Hz. Further magnetization of the tape is technically possible, but at the cost of unacceptable compression and distortion. It is usually specified at 315 Hz (MOL 315) or 400 Hz (MOL 400), and its value marks the point when the third harmonic coefficient reaches 3%. Maximum output level (MOL) is relevant at low and middle frequencies.Performance at low and middle, and at treble frequencies was traditionally characterized by two related but different parameters: Often incorrectly called recording levels, these are always expressed in terms of the tape's output, thus taking its sensitivity out of the equation. Maximum output levels, usually specified in dB relative to the nominal zero reference level of 250 nWb/m or the 'Dolby level' of 200 nWb/m.From the end user viewpoint, the most important electromagnetic properties of the tape are: Manufacturers of bulk tape provided extremely detailed technical descriptions of their product, with numerous charts and dozens of numeric parameters. The horizontal span shows coercivity ― how much flux it takes to magnetize the tapes ![]() On this chart, the vertical span is remanence (remaining magnetism), a rough indicator of maximum recording output level. Electromagnetic properties Hysteresis curves of Type I, CrO 2 Type II and Type IV tapes. The squareness ratio of basic ferric tapes rarely exceeds 0.75, and the squareness ratio of the best tapes exceeds 0.9. An increase in the squareness ratio defers the onset of compression and distortion, and allows fuller utilization of the tape's dynamic range within the limits of remanence. It is an indicator of tape uniformity and its linearity in analogue recording. Ī useful figure of merit of tape technology is the squareness ratio of the hysteresis curve. High-coercivity particles are more difficult to erase, bias and record, but also less prone to high-frequency losses during recording, and to external interference and self-demagnetization during storage. ![]() The coercivity of audio tapes varies from 350 Oe to 1200 Oe. Coercivity is a measure of the external magnetic flux required to magnetize the tape, and an indicator of the necessary bias level.Remanence of audio tapes, referred to quarter-inch tape width, varies from around 1100 G for basic ferric tapes to 3500 G for Type IV tapes advertised remanence of the 1986 JVC Type IV cassette reached 4800 G. Saturation remanence limits maximum output level and, indirectly, dynamic range of audio recordings.Two fundamental magnetic properties, relevant for audio recording, are: These require strong external magnetic fields to be magnetized, and retain substantial residual magnetization after the magnetizing field is removed. Magnetic recording relies on the use of hard ferrimagnetic or ferromagnetic materials. The values approach the limits of ferric tape technology Frequency response curves of a typical cassette tape showing the effects of different bias settings (after Roberson ) Magnetic properties MOL, SOL, bias noise and dynamic range marked on the wrapper of a superferric cassette (TDK AR, 1990s). By the end of the decade performance of the best Type I ferricobalt tapes (superferrics) approached that of Type IV tapes performance of entry-level Type I tapes gradually improved until the very end of compact cassette production. Metal particle tapes migrated to Type II and Type I, ferricobalt formulations migrated to Type I. ![]() Panasonic developed evaporated metal tapes that could be made to match any of the three IEC types. In the 1980s the lines between three types blurred. Double-layer Type III tape formulations, advanced by Sony and BASF in the 1970s, never gained substantial market presence. 'Type 0' was a non-standard designation for early compact cassettes that did not conform to IEC specification.īy the time the specifications were introduced, Type I included pure gamma ferric oxide formulations, Type II included ferricobalt and chromium(IV) oxide formulations, and Type IV included metal particle tapes-the best-performing, but also the most expensive. Specifications of each type were set in 1979 by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC): Type I (IEC I, 'ferric' or 'normal' tapes), Type II (IEC II, or 'chrome' tapes), Type III (IEC III, ferrichrome or ferrochrome), and Type IV (IEC IV, or 'metal' tapes). Top to bottom: Type I (and Type III), Type II, Type IVĪudio compact cassettes use magnetic tape of three major types which differ in fundamental magnetic properties, the level of bias applied during recording, and the optimal time constant of replay equalization. Standardized notches for automatic tape selection. |
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